-(希臘哲學, 反覆灌輸即使有不便之處, 也要
  嚴守道德、克己的教導)
 -聖經上類似斯多葛哲學之處
   .施洗約翰身穿駱駝毛衣服, 吃蝗蟲、野蜜
       太 3:4 
   .來世上,「也不吃也不喝」
       太 11:18  路 7:33 

 -耶穌要求人捨己並背負「十字架」
     太 10:38,39  16:24  可 8:34,35  路 9:23-26  14:27 

 -把自然情愛放在其次
     太 10:37  路 14:26 

 -保羅教導
   .「心中的律」與「肢體的律」交戰
       羅 7:23  7:14-24 
   .必須攻克己身, 叫身服己
       林前 9:27 
   .獨身生活
       林前 7:1-9,25,26,32,33,39,40 

 -雅典的斯多亞學派
     徒 17:18 

 -見 禁慾主義/苦行主義 

 -(A Greek philosophy, inculcating doctrines of severe morality,
  self-denials, and inconvenience)
 -Scripture analogies to
   .John the Baptist wore camel's hair and subsisted on locusts
    and wild honey
       Mt 3:4 
   .Came "neither eating nor drinking,"
       Mt 11:18  Lu 7:33 

 -Jesus requires self-denial and "crosses,"
     Mt 10:38,39  16:24  Mr 8:34,35  Lu 9:23-26  14:27 

 -The subordination of natural affection
     Mt 10:37  Lu 14:26 

 -Paul teaches
   .That the "law of the mind" is at war with the "law of the
    members,"
       Ro 7:23  7:14-24 
   .That the body must be kept under subjection
       1Co 9:27 
   .Celibacy
       1Co 7:1-9,25,26,32,33,39,40 

 -School of, at Athens
     Ac 17:18 

 -See ASCETICISM